This type seems to first appear in Chinese bronzes of which the earliest surviving examples date from before 450. In Asian art, the nimbus is often imagined as consisting not just of light, but of flames. Muhammad leads Abraham, Moses, Jesus and others in prayer. Theravada Buddhism and Jainism did not use the halo for many centuries, but later adopted it, though less thoroughly than other religious groups. Elaborate haloes and especially aureoles also appear in Hindu sculpture, where they tend to develop into architectural frames in which the original idea can be hard to recognise. ![]() In India the head halo is called Prabhamandala or Siras-cakra, while the full body halo is Prabhavali. Thin lines of gold often radiate outwards or inwards from the rim of the halo, and sometimes a whole halo is made up of these. Different coloured haloes have specific meanings: orange for monks, green for the Buddha and other more elevated beings, and commonly figures have both a halo for the head, and another circular one for the body, the two often intersecting somewhere around the head or neck. Tibetan Buddhism uses haloes and aureoles of many types, drawing from both Indian and Chinese traditions, extensively in statues and Thangka paintings of Buddhist saints such as Milarepa and Padmasambhava and deities. In Chinese and Japanese Buddhist art the halo has also been used since the earliest periods in depicting the image of Amitabha Buddha and others. ![]() The rulers of the Kushan Empire were perhaps the earliest to give themselves haloes on their coins, and the nimbus in art may have originated in Central Asia and spread both east and west. Two figures appliqued on a pottery vase fragment from Daimabad's Malwa phase (1600–1400 BC) have been interpreted as a holy figure resembling the later Hindu god Shiva and an attendant, both with halos surrounding their heads, Aureola have been widely used in Indian art, particularly in Buddhist iconography where it has appeared since at least the 1st century AD the Kushan Bimaran casket in the British Museum is dated 60 AD (at least between 30BC and 200 AD). In India, use of the halo might date back to the second half of the second millennium BC. Asian art Coin of Indo-Greek king Menander II (90–85 BCE), displaying Nike with a halo on the reverse. Hellenistic rulers are often shown wearing radiate crowns that seem clearly to imitate this effect. The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the sun-god Helios and had his usual radiate crown (copied for the Statue of Liberty). On painted wares from south Italy, radiant lines or simple haloes appear on a range of mythic figures: Lyssa, a personification of madness a sphinx a sea demon and Thetis, the sea-nymph who was mother to Achilles. Depictions of Perseus in the act of slaying Medusa, with lines radiating from his head, appear on a white-ground toiletry box and on a slightly later red-figured vase in the style of Polygnotos, c. Homer describes a more-than-natural light around the heads of heroes in battle. Sumerian religious literature frequently speaks of melam ( melammu in Akkadian), a "brilliant, visible glamour which is exuded by gods, heroes, sometimes by kings, and also by temples of great holiness and by gods' symbols and emblems." Ancient Greek world Octadrachm of Ptolemy III ![]() Halos may be shown as almost any colour or combination of colours, but are most often depicted as golden, yellow or white when representing light or red when representing flames. In the religious art of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism among other religions, sacred persons may be depicted with a halo in the form of a circular glow, or flames in Asian art, around the head or around the whole body-this last one is often called a mandorla. It has been used in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and has at various periods also been used in images of rulers and heroes. Jesus and nine of the Twelve Apostles depicted with "Floating" disk haloes in perspective (detail from The Tribute Money, illustrating Matthew 17:24–27, by Masaccio, 1424, Brancacci Chapel).Ī halo (from Ancient Greek ἅλως ( hálōs) 'threshing floor, disk' also called a nimbus, aureole, glory, or gloriole) is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in art. ![]() Standing Buddha with a halo, 1st–2nd century AD (or earlier), Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara. For other uses, see Halo (disambiguation).
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